Wrench.



-H. H. PONTON.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 11,1916.

Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

m n n 0 P H y F m. I, W

.m. Nam-s nznk: bani-011110447140" wASmNumm a c.

HENRY H. PONTON, OF GOLIAD, TEXAS.

WRENCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

Application filed January 11, 1916. Serial No. 71,570.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY H. PoN'roN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Goliad, in the county of Goliadand State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lVrenches; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to wrenches, and more especially to those having a pivoted outer jaw swinging around a fixed center or fulcrum; and one of the objects of the same is to produce a wrench of this general character capable of gripping nuts or other angular articles between two of its flat faces which are brought into parallelism at various points so as to adapt the tool to the size of nut being gripped; and this capability is inherent to the wrench whether the nutis to be turned on or off, or whether the article is to be turned to the right or to the left.

Another object of the invention is to utilize the same pivoted o swinging jaw and its face, in conjunction with another part of the rigid jaw for gripping round articles of various sizes.

These objects are carried out by constructing the wrench in the manner specifically described and claimed below and as shown in the drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of this wrench, showing its parts in full lines as gripping a square nut of moderate size and in dotted lines as gripping a largenut, and the right end of this view has been utilized to illustrate a socket wrench which may be formed in the rear end of the handle. Fig. 2 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 1, showing the pivoted jaw adjusted so as to grip a hexagonal nut. Fig. 3 is a similar side elevation showing the pivoted jaw swung past the tip of the rigid jaw andillustrating the wrench as gripping a round article. Fig. fl is a perspective view of the front end of the wrench with the parts standing about as seen in Fig. 3, but showing that the rigid jaw is in duplicate.

Broadly speaking this tool comprises a staff or handle H whose front end is enlarged into a head which serves as the rigid jaw R, and whose rear end may carry or be formed into some other tool such as a socket wrench S. The head'is forked 'as shown at F so that the working faces of the rigid jaw are duplicated, and between the fork arms on a pin or bolt B is pivoted the swinging or pivoted jaw P whose working face is preferably in duplicate so that it will co-act with either working face of the rigid jaw. The various parts are preferably made of metal, but the materials, the sizes and proportions, and the exact details of construction except as hereinafter specified, are not essential. As the working faces of the duplicate rigid jaws are alike, a description of one will suflice.

The front or outer edge of the rigid jaw is formed. on a practically straight line from the point 1 to the point 2, which line is.

oblique to the length of the handle H; and at the point 2 this line merges intoa parabola which is continued to the point?) opposite the tip L of the jaw. The parabolic edge is cut into a number of steps as shown, each having a face 5 and a riser 6. The rear edge of the rigid jaw is slightly curved and is provided with a number of teeth or serrations 9. The pivoted jawP has its inner end 10 rounded where it stands between the arms of the fork F, and this end is pivotally mounted on thebolt B as best seen in Fig. 3. From the extremities of this inner end upper and lower arms 11 and 12 extend outward in substantial parallelism with each other, and these arms are rigidly and preferably integrally connected at their outer ends by a head13 which is somewhat wider than the arms so as to form two faces 15 standing respectively opposite to the working edges of the rigid jaw. As these faces are alike, a description of one will suffice. Each face is straight but slightly oblique to the length of the arms 11 and 12, and therefore the face is tangential to an arc 16 struck around the center B, intersecting the face 15 at the point 17 and intersecting the parabola at said point 3. The construction is therefore such that the pivoted jaw may be swung up so that its face will coact with certain of the faces on the outer edge of the rigid jaw to grasp angular work as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, or it may be swung down and round work passed through its acute angle 18 and engaged by the teeth or serrations 9 on the rear edge of the rigid jaw as seen in Fig. 3.

scription that in order to turn either kind of work in the opposite direction, the wrench must be reversed from the positions shown, and this explains the duplication of the rigid jaw by forking the head as stated. While it might be possible to provide the outer edge of the rigid jaw with ordlnary serrations, and also serrate the opposed face of the head of the pivoted jaw as has heretofore been done, 1 find that the grip of a wrench so made is not sufliciently strong on most nuts to set them up tight or to start them off their bolts when rusted in place. In order to accomplish this end, I there fore form the outer edge of the rigid jaw in rather liberal steps whose treads or faces 5 from the point 2 downward to the point 4L are farther and farther from the center B, but ever placed on lines truly parallel to the face 15 of the pivoted jaw; and by employing the proper tangent to the face 15 and the proper inclination to the parabola, 1 can adapt the wrench for use on nuts of several sizes, and possible for use on hexagonal nuts as shown in the drawings. l/Vhen the jaw P is swung upward to its limit as seen in dotted lines in Fig. 1, a large nut will be received between the flat face 12 of the jaw R and the flat face 15 of the jaw P. As the pivoted jaw is moved down, its face moves out of parallelism with said fiat face, and as the steps are cut in a parabola which approaches and finally intersects the are 16, the inclination of their flat faces 5 must be progressive in order that they shall ever be parallel with that portion of the face 15 directly opposite when a nut is grasped between them. If the nut be such that its corner can pass into the angle between the face 5 and the riser 6, the grasp of the wrench is powerful--especially with a hexagonal not as shown in Fig. 2. It is even possible that the coaction of the face of any step with the face 15 may occur before these faces come into strict pa allelism, and yet the grasp of the wrench when its handle is moved as shown by the arrow will be sufficient to turn the nut. The same remarks apply when the wrench is reversed and employed for unscrewing the nut. Qrdinarily a nut stands at the end of its bolt, but if the latter should project it could well be passed through the opening between the arms 11 and 12 of the pivoted jaw, as seen from Fig. 1. Round or irregular work such as a pipe is passed completely through the opening in the pivoted jaw, the latter being swung downward as seen in Fig. 3.

The angularity of the head 13 to the arm 12 now becomes important, because the oblique serrated face 9 throvs the work into the cute angle 18 when the handle is moved in the direction of the arrow in this view. Here again the pipe could be turned in the other ection by reversing the wrench.

lVhat I claim is:

1. A wrench comprising a handle; a rigid jaw at one end of the same having a perforation, the front edge of the jaw being struck on a straight line oblique to the length of the handle and merging into a parabola around said. perforation, said parabola being cut in steps with faces of progressive inclination; a pin through said perforation; and a pivoted aw having an inner end mounted on said pin, arms projecting thence outward, and a head extending obliquely across their outer ends and having its inner faces tangential to an are around said pin.

2. A wrench comprising a handle; a forked rigid jaw at one end of the same having perforations through the fork-arms, the front edge of the jaw being struck on a parabola around said perforations, said parabola being cut in steps with faces of progressive inclination; a pin through said perforations; and a pivoted jaw having an inner end mounted on said pin within the fork, substantially parallel arms projecting thence outwird, and a head wider than said arms, connecting their outer ends, and having its inner faces tangential to an are around said pin.

3. A. wrench comprising a handle; a forked rigid jaw at one end of the same having perforations through the forlnarms, the front edge of the aw being struck on a parabola around said perforations, said parabola being cut in steps with faces of progressive inclination, and the rear edge of said aw being curved and serrated; a pin through said perforations; and a pivoted jaw having an inner end. mounted on said pin within the fork, arms projecting thence outward, and a head wider than said arms,

extending across their outer ends, and having its inner faces tangential to an arc around said pin.

4. A- wrench comprising a handle; a forked rigid jaw at one end of the same having perforations through the fork-arms, the front edge of the jaw being struck on a straight line oblique to the length of the handle and merging into a parabola around said perforations, said parabola being out in steps with faces of progressive inclination, and the rear edge of said jaw being curved and serrated; a pin through said perforations; and a pivoted jaw having an inner end mounted on said pin within the fork, substantially parallel arms projecting thence outward, and a head wider than said arms,

extending obliquely across their outer ends, and having its inner faces tangential to an are around said pin.

5. A Wrench comprising a handle; a forked rigid jaw at one end of the same having its front edge struck on a straight line merging into a parabola, said parabola being cut in steps With faces of progressive inclination, and the rear edge of said jaw being serrated; and a movable jaw having 10 its inner end pivoted Within the fork and a head at its outer end extending over the edges of the fork-arms With its inner face tangential to an are around said pivot.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature. 15

HENRY H. PONTON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

Washington, D. G. 

